Is inventory reported at fair market value on financial statements?
No. Under ASC 330, inventory is carried at the lower of cost and net realizable value for FIFO and weighted-average methods, and GAAP prohibits measuring ordinary physical inventory at fair value except where specific topics require it. An inventory appraisal for financial reporting therefore has to speak to those GAAP measures, not open-market FMV.
Can an inventory write-down be reversed if values recover?
Not under U.S. GAAP. Write-downs to net realizable value are one-way impairments, while IFRS (IAS 2) requires reversals when NRV recovers, a difference that forces reconciliations for cross-border groups. Attempted write-backs of previously impaired inventory are a recurring SEC and auditor challenge.
What do auditors challenge most in net realizable value support?
Stale or optimistic selling-price assumptions. NRV is estimated selling price minus reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal, and transportation, so credible support means recent selling prices, markdown history, backlog data, and documented disposal-cost analyses, especially for slow-moving, damaged, or obsolete stock.
Does the cost-flow method change the inventory value lenders and investors see?
Yes. FIFO, LIFO, weighted average, and specific identification can produce materially different balances from the same physical stock, and LIFO entities follow a different impairment model. Switching methods is a change in accounting principle that requires justification, retrospective application, and disclosure, so it draws scrutiny from auditors and the SEC.