What value do lenders use when a car secures a loan?
Actual cash value, typically anchored in wholesale or guide-based market data rather than retail asking prices. The CFPB defines loan-to-value against the vehicle's actual cash value, and regulator guidance treats wholesale value as the best measure for dealer collateral, since retail, trade-in, and loan-guide figures all reflect consumer pricing rather than what a lender could recover.
What documentation supports a vehicle collateral valuation?
Guide printouts matched to the exact year, make, model, trim, mileage, and condition, auction comparables, or dealer invoices, ideally validated across multiple sources; higher-risk or specialized vehicles warrant a qualified appraisal. Federal rules for regulated lenders require a written, market-based valuation using at least the sales-comparison approach.
Does the SBA require a lien on every vehicle a business owns?
No. Under current 7(a) collateral rules, lenders need not add a lien to an already-encumbered vehicle valued at $20,000 or less when the loan number is assigned. Acceptable value evidence includes an independent appraisal at orderly liquidation value, vehicle valuation services, or the purchase price allocated to the vehicle.
Can a collateral appraisal be written to hit the loan amount?
No. Federal collateral evaluation rules require a certification that the valuation was not based on a requested minimum value or on approval of the loan, so a report that looks reverse-engineered to satisfy a loan-to-value target can be challenged as non-compliant and loses its evidentiary weight.