What standard of value do SBA lenders need for equipment collateral?
Orderly liquidation value, not fair market value. SBA SOP 50 10 builds collateral coverage around what pledged machinery would bring in an advertised sale over a reasonable period, so a dealer's fair market value quote does not answer the lender's question. Our SBA-purpose reports state orderly liquidation value explicitly alongside the supporting market data.
What collateral credit does machinery actually receive?
Under SBA rules, new machinery and equipment count at no more than 75 percent of price minus prior liens, and used equipment at no more than 50 percent of net book value, rising to 80 percent when an orderly liquidation appraisal is obtained. Conventional lenders typically advance 50 to 80 percent of appraised value depending on age and marketability.
When is an independent equipment appraisal mandatory?
When pledged personal property crosses the dollar threshold in SBA SOP 50 10, historically cited around $500,000, and whenever a lender wants to recognize collateral value above net book value, which regulators require an independent qualified appraisal to support. Below those triggers, value guides, auction data, and dealer invoices may suffice.
Why do FMV, OLV, and FLV differ so much for the same machine?
Marketing time and compulsion: fair market value assumes a willing sale with adequate exposure, orderly liquidation assumes roughly three to six months to sell as-is, and forced liquidation assumes a rapid auction. Fair market value is usually highest and forced liquidation lowest, so the standard chosen, and the assumed marketing period, are the usual battlegrounds in collateral disputes.