How do appraisers value used restaurant equipment?
Through the cost approach, replacement cost new less depreciation and obsolescence, and the market approach built on real secondary-market data from used-equipment dealers and auction results. The subject ovens, refrigeration, or prep lines are compared with recent sales of similar models, adjusted for age, condition, and features. An income method only enters where equipment has a direct, isolatable revenue stream, which is rare.
What distinguishes fair market value, orderly liquidation value, and forced liquidation value for restaurant equipment?
The assumed selling conditions. Fair market value assumes a willing buyer and seller with a typical marketing period of about three to six months and supports sales, financing, and insurance. Orderly liquidation value assumes a one to three month window and is common in loan collateral reviews and bankruptcy planning. Forced liquidation value assumes an auction within days to weeks and produces the lowest figure. The same kitchen can carry three very different numbers.
Can I value my kitchen equipment by subtracting depreciation from what I paid?
Not reliably. Original price minus straight-line depreciation is a bookkeeping convention, not market evidence, and tax or book schedules are not designed to produce fair market value. Appraisers instead estimate replacement cost new, deduct physical deterioration, functional obsolescence, and economic obsolescence, then check against current sales of comparable used equipment. The result can land far above or below your net book value.
Do restaurant valuation multiples tell me what the equipment is worth?
No. SDE multiples of roughly 2 to 3 times, EBITDA multiples of 2.5 to 4 times, and revenue multiples value the operating restaurant, not its separate assets. Tying an oven's or hood system's value to whole-business earnings is inconsistent with standard equipment appraisal methodology. Individual items are valued with cost and market approaches based on their own condition and market demand.
Which records strengthen a restaurant equipment appraisal?
A fixed-asset register or purchase invoices, serial numbers, commissioning dates, and maintenance history. Documented repairs and upgrades, including NSF-certified modifications, demonstrate better maintenance and functionality, which supports stronger cost and market values. Undocumented equipment tends to be assumed to carry greater wear and obsolescence, so missing paperwork usually costs owners value.